(1) Application of γ-PGA in Food
Low molecular weight γ-PGA has excellent antifreeze properties and can enhance food texture by interacting with proteins. It can be used as a food additive and antifreeze agent. Research shows that low molecular weight γ-PGA exhibits higher antifreeze activity than glucose and has minimal impact on food taste. Additionally, γ-PGA can remove bitterness and significantly improve food texture. Adding γ-PGA to flour-based products helps slow starch aging and enhances elasticity and toughness.
(2) Application of γ-PGA in Cosmetics
Due to its unique structure, γ-PGA has excellent water absorption and retention properties, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics. When used as a cosmetic ingredient, γ-PGA of different molecular weights offers distinct functions. γ-PGA with a molecular weight over 2000 kDa forms a protective film, effectively preventing water loss. On the other hand, γ-PGA with a molecular weight between 1-10 kDa is beneficial for transdermal absorption, providing deep hydration and skin care.
(3) Application of γ-PGA in Medicine
Low molecular weight γ-PGA is highly biocompatible and biodegradable, making it an ideal drug carrier. Its degradability allows for controlled drug release, improving drug utilization and enhancing therapeutic effects. Research has shown that small molecular weight γ-PGA plays a significant role in cancer treatment. In situ depolymerization produces low molecular weight γ-PGA, yielding positive results. For example, modifying mitomycin C with γ-PGA in the 1-5 kDa range significantly improves drug efficacy while reducing side effects.
(4) Application of γ-PGA in Environmental Protection
Conventional flocculants used in wastewater treatment, such as aluminum salts, iron salts, and polyacrylamides, have notable drawbacks. γ-PGA, however, is an environmentally friendly flocculant with excellent adsorption properties for heavy metals and rare earth elements. It is non-toxic, non-polluting, and biodegradable. Research indicates that γ-PGA with a molecular weight of 40-110 kDa can achieve a flocculation rate of up to 46.99% with Ca(OH)?. Additionally, low molecular weight γ-PGA sodium salt can be used as an additive or standalone precipitant to induce protein precipitation.